• Introduction
• N-grams
• Calculating n-gram probabilities
• N-gram hierarchy
• Markov models
• Markov assumption
• Markov sequence models
• Generating a Markov chain
• Markov approximations from Shakespeare
• 3rd-order approximation
• Markov approximations of Beatles' lyrics
• 3rd-order
• Markov chain applet
• Using Markov chains to generate music
• Summary
• Resources