The Fulton County Grand Jury said Friday an investigation of Atlanta 's recent primary election produced no evidence that any irregularities took place . However , the jury said it believes these two offices should be combined to achieve greater efficiency and reduce the cost of administration . Implementation of Georgia 's automobile title law was also recommended by the outgoing jury . Failure to do this will continue to place a disproportionate burden on Fulton taxpayers . The jury did not elaborate , but it added that there should be periodic surveillance of the pricing practices of the concessionaires for the purpose of keeping the prices reasonable . (2) Fulton legislators work with city officials to pass enabling legislation that will permit the establishment of a fair and equitable pension plan for city employes . The couple was married Aug. 2 , 1913 . They have a son , William Berry Jr. , and a daughter , Mrs. J. M. Cheshire of Griffin . The Hartsfield home is at 637 E. Pelham Rd. NE . The mayor 's present term of office expires Jan. 1 . Robert Snodgrass , state GOP chairman , said a meeting held Tuesday night in Blue Ridge brought enthusiastic responses from the audience . Despite the warning , there was a unanimous vote to enter a candidate , according to Republicans who attended . When the crowd was asked whether it wanted to wait one more term to make the race , it voted no - and there were no dissents . He will be succeeded by Rob Ledford of Gainesville , who has been an assistant more than three years . When the gubernatorial campaign starts , Caldwell is expected to become a campaign coordinator for Byrd . As of Sunday night , there was no word of a resolution being offered there to rescind the action . Ordinary Carey Williams , armed with a pistol , stood by at the polls to insure order . Ordinary Williams said he , too , was subjected to anonymous calls soon after he scheduled the election . Many local citizens feared that there would be irregularities at the polls , and Williams got himself a permit to carry a gun and promised an orderly election . Everything went real smooth , the sheriff said . He told the committee the measure would merely provide means of enforcing the escheat law which has been on the books since Texas was a republic . If you destroy confidence in banks , you do something to the economy , he said . You take out of circulation many millions of dollars . The bill is designed to provide special schooling for more deaf students in the scholastic age at a reduced cost to the state . Rep. Berry , an ex-gambler from San Antonio , got elected on his advocacy of betting on the ponies . A House committee which heard his local option proposal is expected to give it a favorable report , although the resolution faces hard sledding later . THE SENATE quickly whipped through its meager fare of House bills approved by committees , passing the three on the calendar . TWO TAX REVISION bills were passed . The proposal would have to receive final legislative approval , by two thirds majorities , before March 1 to be printed on the April 4 ballot , Roberts said . Opponents generally argued that the ballot could n't give enough information about tax proposals for the voters to make an intelligent choice . All Dallas members voted with Roberts , except Rep. Bill Jones , who was absent . Dr. Clark will succeed Dr. J. R. McLemore , who will retire at the close of the present school term . During his college career , Dr. Clark was captain of his basketball team and was a football letterman . We must solve the problems which have forced these people to depend upon ADC for subsistence , Martin said . Bellows made the disclosure when he asked Judge Parsons to grant his client , Alan Clements , 30 , a separate trial . Asked to elaborate , Pierre Salinger , White House press secretary , replied , I would say it 's got to go thru several more drafts . He said this constituted a very serious misuse of the Criminal court processes . Karns had been scheduled this week to hear seven cases involving 35 persons . The case of the judges in the 58th precinct of the 23d ward had been heard previously and taken under advisement by Karns . It is a program of prepayment of health costs with absolute freedom of choice guaranteed . Moreover , he said , many qualified young people are not going into medicine and dentistry because they ca n't afford the schooling costs . In the child health field , the President said he will recommend later an increase in funds for programs under the children 's bureau . He did not say by how much . The President said his proposals combine the indispensable elements in a sound health program - people , knowledge , services , facilities , and the means to pay for them . Those who backed a similar plan last year hailed the message . House Speaker Sam Rayburn [ D. , Tex. ] called the Kennedy program a mighty fine thing , but made no prediction on its fate in the House . Customary Senate rules were ignored in order to speed approval of the Negro leader as administrator of the housing and home finance agency . This increase in the threshold , as the conventional forces strengthening is called , will prove one of the alliance 's most difficult problems in the months to come . He was critical of what he feels is President Kennedy 's tendency to be too conciliatory . It does not take a Gallup poll to find out that most Republicans in Congress feel this understates the situation as Republicans see it . They can hardly restrain themselves from raising the question of whether Republicans , if they had been in power , would have made amateurish and monumental blunders in Cuba . Kennedy administration policies also have been assailed now from another direction by 70 Harvard , Boston University , Brandeis , and Massachusetts Institute of Technology educators . Mr. Nixon , for his part , would oppose intervention in Cuba without specific provocation . Strenuous efforts were made to remove pin pricking from administration statements . In Laos , the administration looked at the Eisenhower administration efforts to show determination by sailing a naval fleet into Southeast Asian waters as a useless gesture . Again and again it asked the Communists to freeze the military situation in Laos . East Providence now has no civil defense program . There has been more activity across the state line in Massachusetts than in Rhode Island in recent weeks toward enforcement of the Sunday sales laws . The only day they have a chance to compete with large supermarkets is on Sunday , the council 's resolution said . The small shops must be retained , for they provide essential service to the community , according to the resolution , which added that they also are the source of livelihood for thousands of our neighbors . He suggested that a regrouping of forces might allow the average voter a better pull at the right lever for him on election day . He said he was confessing that I was a member of the Socialist Party in 1910 . That was before I studied law . He steered me to the right track - the free enterprise track . Mr. Reama , far from really being retired , is engaged in industrial relations counseling . It has become our responsibility and I hope that the Citizens Group will spearhead the movement . Some opposition to the home rule movement started to be heard yesterday , with spokesmen for the town 's insurgent Democratic leadership speaking out against the home rule charter in favor of the model municipal league charter . Misunderstanding of the real meaning of a home rule charter was cited as a factor which has caused the Citizens Group to obtain signatures under what were termed false pretenses . Nothing has been done yet to take advantage of the enabling legislation . It was greeted with a chorus of boos by 500 women in Trenton Monday at a forum of the State Federation of Women 's Clubs . Sunday he had added , We can love Eisenhower the man , even if we considered him a mediocre president ... but there is nothing left of the Republican Party without his leadership . Dumont spoke on the merit of having an open primary . Mitchell decried the high rate of unemployment in the state and said the Meyner administration and the Republican controlled State Senate Must share the blame for this . He said Mitchell is against the centralization of government in Washington but looks to the Kennedy Administration for aid to meet New Jersey school and transportation crises . He calls for help while saying he is against centralization , but you ca n't have it both ways , Jones said . That failed . The proposal , Sheets said , represents part of his program for election reforms necessary to make democracy in New Jersey more than a lip service word . He is credited with setting up an annual co-operative fire prevention program in co-operation with the Red Cross and State Department of Education . But we 'll have a liberal , well planned , forward looking , honest platform . But I shall campaign on the Meyner record to meet the needs of the years ahead . He said Morris County is rapidly changing and unless steps are taken to preserve the green areas , there will be no land left to preserve . I 'm not afraid to tangle with the Republican nominee . TRENTON - Fifteen members of the Republican State Committee who are retiring - voluntarily - this year were honored yesterday by their colleagues . There may be other 1961 state committee retirements come April 18 , but they will be leaving by choice of the Republican voters . At the same time reaction among anti-organization Democratic leaders and in the Liberal party to the Mayor 's reported plan was generally favorable . Apparently he believes Mr. Buckley holds the key to the Democratic organization 's acceptance of his choices for running mates without a struggle . But as I have said before , if I announce my candidacy , I will have something definite to say about running mates . The hand is out . Day after day some new episode is reported . In the Senate , several bills are expected to pass without any major conflict or opposition . They are James J. Delaney of Queens and Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. of Massachusetts . What could rescue the bill would be some quick progress on a bill amending the National Defense Education Act of 1958 . Six of these were proposed by religious groups . I 'm a missionary . Mr. Khrushchev was jesting in the expansive mood of the successful banker . The Soviet Union and other members of the Communist bloc are rapidly expanding their economic , technical and military assistance to the uncommitted nations . The Communist countries allocated more than $ 1,000,000,000 in economic aid alone last year , according to Western estimates . This was the biggest annual outlay since the Communist program for the under-developed countries made its modest beginning in 1954 . India is the most populous United Nations member with more than 400,000,000 inhabitants . The Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions is expected to receive the report this week . The latter two are half brothers . But no one was overly optimistic . Pfaff succeeds Martin Burke , who resigned . He is married to the former Audrey Knecht and has a daughter , Karol , 13 . Also the department of justice building is located where J. Edgar Hoover presides over the federal bureau of investigation . Many spectators will be occupying seats and vantage points bordering Lafayette Square , opposite the White House . Indeed , the administration 's curious position on the sales tax was a major factor in contributing to its defeat . The tax bill will be up for reconsideration Wednesday in the House when the Legislature reconvenes . This is not the sort of thing most politicos would care to acknowledge publicly . It is difficult to be certain how the administration views that $ 28 million , since the views of one leader may not be the same as the views of another one . The Philadelphia Transportation Co. is investigating the part its organization played in reviewing the project . Varani has been fired on charges of accepting gifts from the contractor . I am taking the position that the contract was clearly violated , Berger said . The contract called for overhauling of 102 joints . The city paid for work on 75 , of which no more than 21 were repaired , Hemphill charged . We wo n't know the full amount until we get a full report , Wagner said . Wagner replied , Ca n't you just see the headline City Hooked for $ 172,000 ? Berger insisted that we know enough to sue for the full amount . The PTC is investigating the whole matter , Pratt said . Goodis voiced his objection before City Council 's Finance Committee . The ordinance would increase fees from $ 1 for males and $ 2 for females to a flat $ 5 a dog . Mrs. Knauer said she did not think dog owners should be penalized for the city 's services to animal care . The new fee schedule also was supported by Commissioner of Licenses and Inspections Barnet Lieberman and Health Commissioner Eugene A. Gillis . The commission also approved a novel plan that would eliminate traffic hazards for pedestrians in the project . Battalion Chief Stanton M. Gladden , 42 , the central figure in a representation dispute between the fire fighters association and the teamsters union , suffered multiple fractures of both ankles . He was in Baptist Memorial hospital . Both have been active in the association . An agreement between the leaders of four parties which contested indecisive elections on Oct. 15 was reached after almost 18 hours of political bargaining under the threat of an army coup d'etat . Ierulli will replace Desmond D. Connall who has been called to active military service but is expected back on the job by March 31 . Insuring that the countries have a freedom of choice , he said , was the biggest detriment to the Soviet Union . Economically , Martin said , the United States could best help foreign countries by helping them help themselves . Private business is more effective than government aid , he explained , because individuals are able to work with the people themselves . Martin said the government has been working to establish firmer prices on primary products which may involve the total income of one country . SALEM ( AP ) - The statewide meeting of war mothers Tuesday in Salem will hear a greeting from Gov. Mark Hatfield . On Friday he will go to Portland for the swearing in of Dean Bryson as Multnomah County Circuit Judge . Incumbent Richard Salter seeks re-election and is opposed by Donald Huffman for the five year term . The church 's ability to change her methods is going to determine her ability to meet the challenge of this hour . Indications as late as the top of the sixth were that the Birds were to end their victory draought as they coasted along with a 3 to 0 advantage . Jackie Brandt singled deep into the hole at short to start the rally . Then Robinson slammed a long double to left center to score both runners . Then Throneberry rapped into a fast double play . Hansen , who slugged the 1960 Oriole high of 22 homers and drove in 86 runs on a .255 freshman average , completes the Birds ' spring squad at 49 players . He hopes to melt off an additional eight pounds before the Flock breaks camp three weeks hence . It was the first of two doubles by Robinson , who was in a mood to celebrate . Just before game time , Robinson 's pretty wife , Connie informed him that an addition to the family can be expected late next summer . Toying with her field in the early stages , Garden Fresh was asked for top speed only in the stretch by Jockey Philip Grimm and won by a length and a half in 1.24 3+5 for the 7 furlongs . Both were under the meet mark of 1.10.8 set in 1950 by Mal Whitfield . Mills was timed in 1.10.4 . While working out in Sylvania a swelling developed in the knee and he came here to consult the team physician . Moritz is listed on the Longhorn roster as a right halfback , the position at which he lettered on the 1956 team . Moritz was bothered during the first two games this year by a pulled muscle in the thigh of his right ( kicking ) leg and , as a result , several of his successful conversions have gone barely far enough . I never did miss one in a playoff game - I kicked about 20 in the five playoff games my last two years . But he was scholastically ineligible in 1959 and merely present last season . He knocked down the interference and made key stops lots of times . Gannon contributed saving plays on the Falcons ' aerial thrusts in the late stages . He 's looking a lot better , and he 's able to run , Meek explained . The Texans made themselves a comforting break on the opening kickoff when Denver 's Al Carmichael was jarred loose from the ball when Dave Grayson , the speedy halfback , hit him and Guard Al Reynolds claimed it for Dallas . Completing 12 of 15 passes for 174 yards , the Aggies had a total offense of 361 yards . Dick McAuliffe cracked the first of his two doubles against Lefty Don Rudolph to open the Bear 's attack . Alusik then moved Cooke across with a line drive to left . Nischwitz was working on a 3 hitter when the Indians bunched three of their eight hits for two runs in the sixth . Chuck Hinton tripled to the rightfield corner , Cliff Cook and Dan Pavletich singled and Gaines ' infielder roller accounted for the tallies . Gaines hammered the ball over the left fence for the third Indianapolis run in the ninth . I 've had it , he told a newsman . I know when my reflexes are gone and I 'm not going to be any 25th man on the ball club . She said , when she learned Jackie was heading home I 'm just speculating , but I have to think Jack feels he 's hurting Boston 's chances . The Union Pacific Railroad streamliner , City of San Francisco , stopped in Ogden , Utah , for a few minutes . He 's mad at the world . Ritchie walked up to him at the magazine stand . I told him who I was and he was quite cold . I told him what Liston had said and he said Liston was a double crosser and said anything he ( Liston ) got was through a keyhole . I ca n't run . Incidentally , only two did it before a home audience . In four of his nine previous seasons Mays hit as many as 25 home runs and stole as many as 25 bases . Actually they were helpless to do anything about the nationwide policy . There are two more Sunday afternoons when the situation will arise . This dissatisfaction led to Howsam 's request that the video not be terminated before the end of the game . He succeeds Buck Shaw , who retired at the end of last season . Williams is a defensive coach . In the past the club depended largely on Van Brocklin 's aerials . An injury forced Skorich to quit after the 1948 season . He was there one season before rejoining the Steelers as an assistant coach . Stengel will receive the Ben Epstein Good Guy Award . The New York franchise is headed by Mrs. Charles Shipman Payson . Shea 's efforts figure prominently in the new stadium . He played basketball there while working toward a law degree . All was quiet in the office of the Yankees and the local National Leaguers yesterday . Deane Beman , the National Amateur champion , and all the metropolitan district champions , including Bob Gardner , the amateur title holder , also will receive awards . Horton Smith of Detroit , a former president of the Professional Golfers Association , will receive the Ben Hogan Trophy for his comeback following a recent illness . ARNOLD PALMER has been a blazing figure in golf over the past twelve months . It made him human . And it also stayed the hands of thousands of brooding incompetents who were meditating the abandonment of a sport whose frustrations were driving them to despair . He boomed a 280 yard drive . He tried again and once more sliced out of bounds . This knowledge has come in handy , too . Joe naturally ruled that a ball be dropped from alongside the spot where it had originally entered the stream . It happened on the twelfth hole , a 155 yarder . No , said the official . You must play it where it lies . Until a few weeks ago , however , Arnold Palmer was some god -like creature who had nothing in common with the duffers . There are about 3,325 officers and employees in this class . His condition was reported to be fair . State Senator Joseph A. Bertorelli ( D. , First Baltimore ) had a stroke yesterday while in his automobile in the 200 block of West Pratt street . Police said he became ill while parked in front of a barber shop at 229 West Pratt street . Equipment should be in operation almost immediately after the first snowfall , Mr. Schaefer said . Her husband was lying on the kitchen floor , police said . Residential building consists of houses , apartments , hotels , dormitories and other buildings designed for shelter . Trouble free , long life , quality components will play an increasingly important part in the merchandising of new housing in 1960 , Pantas predicted . The Dreadnought was built on designs supplied by the United States in 1959 and was launched last year . Just how many sub secrets were being handed over when the ring , watched for six months , was broken remained untold . It was there that the two accused civil servants were at work . The hull was also a result of almost a decade of work . Oddly , the calls were still heard 11 days after the five were arrested . This , he added , brought about petty jealousies and petty personal grievances . In opening , D. Arthur Connelly , assistant United States attorney , read the indictment , but made no comments . Attorneys for the eight other defendants said only that there was no proof of their clients ' guilt . Then the youths fled with his money . It was when he attempted to end the relationship that the murder took place . If he attaches little importance to personal liberty , why not make this known to the world ? This , for the liberals I know , would be an understatement . I do not think that my experience would be typical for Southerners living in the North . But these accounts do not show that Northerners have been subjected to embarrassment or provocation by Yankee hatred displayed in social gatherings . Probably a larger percentage of Virginians and South Carolinians remain unreconstructed than elsewhere , with Georgia , North Carolina , and Alabama following along after them . The social and psychological consequences of this continue to affect the area . It is hard to see how the situation could be otherwise . The North should thank its stars that such has been the case ; but at the same time it should not draw false inferences therefrom . By prevailing over other claimants for the loyalties of men , the nation state maintained an adequate measure of certainty and order within its territorial borders . This was particularly true in the world arena , which was an anarchical battleground characterized by strife and avaricious competition for colonial empires . That any sort of duty was owed by his nation to other nations would have astonished a nineteenth century statesman . Reduced to its simplest terms , it is an assumption of a collective duty to compensate for the inability of individuals to cope with the rigors of the era . National responsibility for individual welfare is a concept not limited to the United States or even to the Western nations . If internal responsibility suggests acceptance of the socialist ideal of equality , then external responsibility implies adherence to principles of ideological supranationalism . Today , as new nations rise from the former colonial empires , nationalism is one of the hurricane forces loose in the world . Complementing the political principle of nationalism is the legal principle of sovereignty . The nation state , then , exemplifies the principle of nationalism and exercises sovereignty : supreme power over domestic affairs and independence from outside control . Does the surface hide a quite different picture ? The short answer to those questions is yes . Can thermonuclear war be set off by accident ? What steps have been taken to guard against the one sort of mishap that could trigger the destruction of continents ? Is anything being done to increase our margin of safety ? They know little about their machinery beyond mechanical details . Only recently new holes were discovered in our safety measures , and a search is now on for more . Work is under way to see whether new restraining devices should be installed on all nuclear weapons . Meanwhile , the experts speak of wars triggered by false pre-emption , escalation , unauthorized behavior and other terms that will be discussed in this report . Its radar screens would register Soviet missiles shortly after they are launched against the United States . Alternate locations exist for all key command centers . Additional codes can be used to challenge and counterchallenge the authentications . He makes the momentous decision . In an emergency he would receive available intelligence on the gold phone circuit . Vital questions would be quickly answered according to a preprepared agenda . The key man almost certainly would be Col. William W. Wisman , SAC 's senior controller . At General Power 's seat in the balcony there is also a gold phone . Now we must become vague , for we are approaching one of the nation 's most guarded secrets . Once we send out the whole pie , they can put their pieces into it . The answer is a cryptographic secret . Each must match Wisman 's pie with the fragment that he carries with him . All three must compare notes and agree to go . Their heads were in the air sniffing . A white man would not have seen it . Watching , they waited until the squall thickened and began to move in a long drifting slant across the dry burning land . They were chasing a rain cloud . They went after the squall as mercilessly as a wolf pack after an abandoned cow . I followed them in the jeep and now they did not care . For ten minutes they ran beneath the squall , raising their arms and , for the first time , shouting and capering . They were studying the ground . He had found a depression with rain water in it . He bent down , a black cranelike figure , and put his mouth to the ground . The countryside looked like a beautiful open park with gentle slopes and soft gray tree clumps . They lay , with the birds hopping from branch to branch above them and the bright sky peeping down at them . The white men died . The aborigine is not deceived ; he knows that the land is hard and pitiless . At once he started to glance toward the instrument panel . Damned right , he said . The landscape kept repeating itself . Its ribs showed , it was a yellow nondescript color , it suffered from a variety of sores , hair had scabbed off its body in patches . His legs were narrow and very long . There was also a boomerang , elaborately carved . Their skin was covered with a thin coating of sweat and dirt which had almost the consistency of a second skin . The Australian stopped trying to talk a pidgin I could understand , and spoke strange words from deep in his chest . I should like , by the way , to make it clear that I am not using the word Persians carelessly . The air , he said , was just right ; a cigarette would taste particularly good . Nowhere in Isfahan is this rich aesthetic life of the Persians shown so well as during the promenade at the Khaju bridge . It is a splendid structure . Here , in the old days - when they had come to see the moon or displays of fireworks - sat the king and his court while priests , soldiers , and other members of the party lounged in the smaller alcoves between . To a stranger their delight in these things may seem paradoxical , for Persians chase the golden calf as much as any people . And it is expressed , at least to their taste , in a perfect form . This schedule became too strenuous , even for the energetic and conscientious Mr. Steinberg . His London contract was rescinded , and now , he explains cheerfully , as a bright smile lightens his intense , mobile face , I conduct only one hundred and twenty concerts ! As we began to converse in the lounge of his Fifth Avenue hotel , his restlessness and sensitivity to light and sound became immediately apparent . Unfortunately , it was Muzak , which automatically is piped into the public rooms , and which nolens volens had to be endured . She even devised a system of colors , whereby the boy could easily distinguish the different note values . When he was eight he began violin lessons . The musician ran away from school when he was fifteen , but this escapade did not save him from the Gymnasium . Was n't this an unusually young age to fill such a responsible post ? During these years the youthful conductor had contributed greatly to the high level of musical life in Germany . Through the Frankfurt Jewish Kulturbund he began to give sonata recitals in synagogues , with Cellist Emanuel Feuermann . I consider it the center of the world and make it a point to be there once a year . My Pittsburghers have become real addicts to Mahler and Bruckner . Since he introduces so much modern music , I could not resist asking how he felt about it . I consider it to be my job to expose the public to what is being written today . But after all , you never learned anything else ! He cited Heine and Stendhal as favorites in literature . But you want a job guaranteed when you return , I continued my attack . Would you advise us to act the same way ? You might have failed . No one wanted a larger family or no children , and none hoped for a castle or said that living in less settled circumstances would be satisfactory . During his two terms the Constitution was tested and found workable , strong national policies were inaugurated , and the traditions and powers of the Presidential office firmly fixed . Principal author of The Federalist , he swung New York over from opposition to the Constitution to ratification almost single handedly . He served as president of the Continental Congress . Washington never had a chance to work for an extended stretch at the occupation he loved best , plantation management . He served as Commander in Chief during the Revolution without compensation . They fought hard , but they were forgiving to former foes , and sought to prevent vindictive legislatures from confiscating Tory property in violation of the Treaty of 1783 . Jay had participated in the decision that exiled his old friend Van Schaack . All seven recognized that independence was but the first step toward building a nation . All sought the fruition of that nationalism in a Federal Government with substantial powers . Indeed , the old Jeffersonians were far more atune to the Hamilton oriented Whigs than they were to the Jacksonian Democrats . LONG LIVE TOBACCO ROAD . Where are the writers to treat these changes ? Perhaps present writers hypnotically cling to the older order because they consider it useful and reliable through repeated testings over the decades . The Negro faces as much , if not more , difficulty in fitting himself into an urban economy as he did in an agrarian one . This bold self assertion , after decades of humble subservience , is indeed a twentieth century phenomenon , an abrupt change in the Southern way of existence . Faulkner , for one , appears to be safe from the accusing fingers of all assailants in this regard . Most avant-garde creators , true to their interest in the self-sufficiency of pure movement , have tended to dress their dancers in simple lines and solid colors ( often black ) and to give them a bare cyclorama for a setting . The depersonalization continued as the dancer was further metamorphosed by the play of lights upon his figure . Or , clad from head to toe in fabric stretched over a series of hoops , the performer may well lose his sense of self in being a finial . Thus , the avant-garde choreographers have extended the scope of materials available for dance composition . The creator trusts his intuition to lead him along a path that has internal validity because it mirrors the reality of his experience . The unit of form is determined subjectively : the Heart , by the way of the Breath , to the Line . He is still concerned , however , with a personal event . Musicians who use the chance method also exclude subjective control of formal development . But a tossing of coins , with perhaps the added safeguard of reference to the oracles of the I Ching , the Chinese Book of Changes , dictates the handling of the chosen materials . According to Katherine Litz , the becoming , the process of realization , is the dance . This became a dance called Prelude to Flight . Alwin Nikolais objects to art as an outpouring of personal emotion . The sequence of movements in a Cunningham dance is unlike any sequence to be seen in life . If a work is divided into several large segments , a last minute drawing of random numbers may determine the order of the segments for any particular performance . And any sequence can not only change its positions in the work but can even be eliminated from it altogether . Then the choreographer must arbitrate . He must rearrange matters so that two performers do not bump into each other . And so I would only touch upon it now ( much as I have long wanted to write a book about it ) . This right of the State , its upholders contended , was essential to maintain the federal balance and protect the liberty of the people from the danger of centralizing power in the Union government . We began by declaring that all men are created equal . The fact is that the Southern Confederacy differed from the earlier one almost as much as the Federal Constitution did . One is tempted to say that , on the difference between the concepts of sovereignty in these two preambles , the worst war of the Nineteenth century was fought . He issued his Emancipation Proclamation only when he felt that necessity left him no other way to save the Union . Out of this ordeal the citizen emerged , in the South as in the North , as America 's true sovereign , in a new birth of freedom , as Lincoln promised . There was also a lesson , one that has served ever since to keep Americans , in their conflicts with one another , from turning from the ballot to the bullet . One wonders about its applicability to people . But it has been during the last two centuries , during the scientific revolution , that our independence from the physical environment has made the most rapid strides . Is the future of psychology akin to the rich future of physics at the time of Newton ? There is a haunting resemblance between the notion of cause in Copernicus and in Freud . The bombs are as harmless as an automobile in a garage . The frequently postulated antique worry that the daylight hours might dwindle to complete darkness apparently gave rise to a ritual and celebration which we still recognize . It is curious that even centuries of repetition of the yearly cycle did not induce a sufficient degree of confidence to allow people to abandon the ceremonies of the winter solstice . What elements of our behavior are decisive ? Small wonder , then , that we fear . The achievements which dispelled our fears of the cosmos took place three centuries ago . In agriculture , for example , despite the advances in biology , elaborate rituals tend to persist along with a continued sense of the imminence of some natural disaster . There are many domains in which understanding has brought about widespread and quite appropriate reduction in ritual and fear . Perhaps the most illuminating example of the reduction of fear through understanding is derived from our increased knowledge of the nature of disease . The situation with regard to our attitude and control of disease contains close analogies to problems confronting us with respect to people . American newspaper reviewers like to call his plays nihilistic . They find deep pessimism in them . Could it be that my own eyes and ears had deceived me ? Or is it relevant because it teaches us something useful to know about ourselves ? When Beckett 's name came into the discussion , the priest grew loud and told me that Beckett hates life . That , I thought , is at least one thing I can find out when we meet . Beckett 's appearance is rough hewn Irish . The mouth frequently breaks into a disarming smile . For one thing , the world that Beckett sees is already shattered . It is all around us and our only chance now is to let it in . It is not a mess you can make sense of . I am not a philosopher . One can only speak of what is in front of him , and that now is simply the mess . Then he began to speak about the tension in art between the mess and form . But now we can keep it out no longer , because we have come into a time when it invades our experience at every moment . How , I asked , could chaos be admitted to chaos ? That is why the form itself becomes a preoccupation , because it exists as a problem separate from the material it accommodates . Yet , I responded , could not similar things be said about the art of the past ? This is clear . This does not allow the mystery to invade us . Take Augustine 's doctrine of grace given and grace withheld : have you pondered the dramatic qualities in this theology ? How can we make sense of this division ? The key word in my plays is perhaps . Given a theological lead , I asked what he thinks about those who find a religious significance to his plays . He knelt down at his bed as long as he could kneel . At the moment of crisis it had no more depth than an old school tie . Yes , for they deal with distress . It is screaming at you even in the taxis of London . As a writer on the theater , I have paid close attention to the plays . America is now joining Europe in this mature phase of development . Man is not confined to one outlet for his vital energy . The creative urge , for example , transcends the body and the self . But for the beat generation all is sex . Jazz is sex , marijuana is a stimulus to sex , the beat tempo is adjusted to the orgiastic release of the sexual impulse . The singular uncompromising force of their revolt against the cult of restraint is illustrated by their refusal to dance in a public place . Unlike the heroes and flappers of the lost generation , they disdain the art of necking and petting . That is reserved for the squares . This is far from the vulgar , leering sexuality of the middle class square in heat . That is why , the argument runs , the squares are so fearful of jazz and yet perversely fascinated by it . Jazz , like sex , is a mystique . The mystique of sex , combined with marijuana and jazz , is intended to provide a design for living . The beatnik , seceding from a society that is fatally afflicted with a deathward drive , is concerned with his personal salvation in the living present . Their work mirrors the mentality of the psychopath , rootless and irresponsible . They are non-conformists on principle . One beat poet composes a poem , Lines on a Tijuana John , which contains a few happy hints for survival . The new fact the initiates of this cult have to learn is that they must move toward simplicity . The professed mission of this disaffiliated generation is to find a new way of life which they can express in poetry and fiction , but what they produce is unfortunately disordered , nourished solely on the hysteria of negation . Who are the creative representatives of this movement ? The women who come to West Venice , having forsaken radicalism , are interested in living only for the moment , in being constantly on the move . Others who are attracted to this Mecca of the beat generation are homosexuals , heroin addicts , and smalltime hoodlums . Carried high on this charge , he composes magical poetry that captures the organic rhythms of life in words . How is the beat poet to achieve unity of form when he is at the same time engaged in a systematic derangement of senses . After only eighteen years of non-interference , there were already indications of melioration , though in a slight degree , to be sure . But with the renewal of interference in 1954 ( as with its beginning in 1835 ) , the improvement was impaired . In the pre-Civil War years , the South argued that the slave was not less humanely treated than the factory worker of the North . The line is a pretty good one . People talk about the law of the land . The expression has become quite a cliche . They did n't seem to be able to think of any . If there 's no suitable academy in your own neighborhood , there 's always New England . Who is involved willy nilly ? Well , after everybody has followed the New England pattern of segregating one 's children into private schools , only the poor folks are left . And it is precisely in this poorer economic class that one finds , and has always found , the most racial friction . A man must be able to say , Father , I have sinned , or there is no hope for him . It is a question which New Englanders long ago put out of their minds . Can God be mocked , ever , in the long run ? New England , as everyone knows , has long been schoolmaster to the Nation . But I think that something more than this is involved . Is it not ironical that Roger Williams 's state , Rhode Island , should have been the very last of the forty eight to establish a state university ? A Yale historian , writing a few years ago in The Yale Review , said We in New England have long since segregated our children . In one of his summers at home he married , to the great disapproval of his father , who objected because of his extreme youth . He gives us an account of this in his lively and humorous poem , The Happy Artists . I scanned the world through printed symbol swart , And through the beggar 's rags I strove to see The inner man . Few writers have better understood their deepest selves . Not so , he answers , it is not the architect but the temple that is immortal . Almost nothing is said of Charles ' spectacular victories , the central theme being the heroic loyalty of the Swedish people to their idolized king in misfortune and defeat . Each aspired to be a god in human form , but with each it was a different kind of god . Each failed catastrophically in an invasion of Russia and each brought ruin on the country that worshipped him . Heidenstam wrote four other works of fiction about earlier figures revered in Swedish memory . It is different with his volume The Swedes and Their Chieftains ( Svenskarna och deras hvdingar ) , a history intended for the general reader and particularly suited for high school students . Of Gustavus Adolphus and Charles XII it is unnecessary to speak . Noting such evidence is the first step ; and almost the only cure is early detection and removal . Have not our physical abilities already deteriorated because of the more sedentary lives we are now living ? In his stead is a milquetoast version known as the corporation . No amount of ballyhoo will cover up the sordid facts . As to benefits to employees , it is notorious for its callous disregard except where it depends on them for services . In all other areas , private initiative of the proprietorship type should be urged to produce the desired goods and services . Corporations react violently to short range stimuli , e. g. , quarterly and annual dividend reports . Proprietorships can establish a meaningful identity , representing a human personality , and thus establish sincere relationships with customers and community . Leadership is lacking in our society because it has no legitimate place to develop . When the proprietor dies , the establishment should become a corporation until it is either acquired by another proprietor or the government decides to drop it . Strikes threatening the security of the proprietorship , if internally motivated , prevent a healthy relationship . The battle is not easy . Observations of the radio emission of a planet which has an extensive atmosphere will probe the atmosphere to a greater extent than those using shorter wave lengths and should in some cases give otherwise unobtainable information about the characteristics of the solid surface . Radio observations of Venus and Jupiter have already supplied unexpected experimental data on the physical conditions of these planets . Mars has been observed twice at about 3 cm wave length , and the intensity of the observed radiation is in reasonable agreement with the thermal radiation which might be predicted on the basis of the known temperature of Mars . The maximum angular diameter of any planetary disk as observed from the earth is about 1 minute of arc . This is much smaller than the highest resolution of even the very large reflectors now under construction , and consequently the radio emission of different regions of the disk can not be resolved . There have been few measurements specifically for the determination of the polarization of planetary radiation . In the discussion which follows , the time average of the radio emission will be referred to as the constant component , and the superimposed periodic variation will be called the variable component . Experiments were made on an electric arc applying a porous graphite anode cooled by a transpiring gas ( Argon ) . A detailed energy balance of the anode was established . Qualitative observations were made and high speed motion pictures were taken to study flow phenomena in the arc at various mass flow velocities . The cooling requirements are particularly severe at the anode . Hence , the flow conditions at the anode of free burning arcs resemble those near a stagnation point . The third method was , to our knowledge , successfully applied for the first time by C. Sheer and co-workers ( Ref. 2 ) . However , technical difficulties arise by melting at local hot spots . This tube could be adjusted in its axial direction by an electric drive to establish the required electrode spacing . The anode in figure 2 was mounted by means of the anode holder which was attached to a steel plug and disk . This small pore size was required to ensure uniformity of the flow leaving the anode . It was exposed to a high velocity gas jet . In this design the anode holder is water cooled and the heat losses by conduction from the anode were determined by measuring the temperature rise of the coolant . The power source was a commercial D. C. rectifier . This region which had a higher temperature than the rest of the anode surface changed size and location continuously . The total heat loss through the anode holder included also the heat conducted through the base of the cylindrical piece into the adjacent metal parts . The temperature dependent value of was taken from Ref. 7 . It consists of two blocks with flat surfaces held apart by shims . In normal use weights are hung on the end of the tape and allowed to pull the tape and the material to be tested between the blocks . In this test a tape was pulled between the blocks with a motor and pulley at a rate of with a clearance of 0.002 on each side of the tape . A system had to be used which did not depend upon the feeding of the fluid into the manometer if measurements of the normal pressure were to be made in a reasonable time . This negative pressure is not explained by the velocity head since this is not sufficient to explain the readings by several magnitudes . They also give information which will aid in the design of a more satisfactory instrument for the measurement of the normal pressures . is the work necessary to fill the manometer column from the reference height to h . The minimum total potential energy is found by taking the derivative with respect to H and equating to zero . This gives , which is the pressure . This method can be extended to include the concentration differences caused by shear fields . This can be justified thermodynamically in this case , and this will be done in a separate paper which is being prepared . This has an interesting analogy with the assumption stated by Philippoff that the deformational mechanics of elastic solids can be applied to flowing solutions . If the mechanics are similar , we can also infer that the thermodynamics will also be similar . If they are not ellipsoids , the conclusions will be a reasonable approximation . The internal energy of an ideal gas depends on temperature only and is independent of pressure or volume . Note that though the ideal gas itself contains no additional energy , the compressed gas does exert an increased pressure . The energy for any isothermal work done by the perfect gas must come as thermal energy from its surroundings . The experimental second moment conforms to the relation in agreement with theory . The paramagnetic dipole effects provide some information on the particle shapes . We first discuss the bond in . There is ample evidence from many sources that the bond in is symmetric . Here the distance is 2.44 A . There is , then , the possibility that this bond is symmetric , although Douglass was unable to determine its symmetry from his x ray data .